![]() The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission ( Müller et al. ![]() Key words: cosmic rays / solar-terrestrial relations / instrumentation: detectors A similar study will be carried out during the whole of the Solar Orbiter’s mission duration for the purposes of instrument diagnostics and to verify whether the Metis data and Monte Carlo simulations would allow for a long-term monitoring of the GCR proton flux. We also find that the overall efficiency for cosmic-ray identification in the Metis VL images is approximately equal to the contribution of Z ≥ 2 GCR particles. By comparing observations of cosmic-ray tracks in the Metis VL images with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic-ray interactions in the VL detector, we find that cosmic rays fire only a fraction, on the order of 10 −4, of the whole image pixel sample. The same parameterizations can also be used to study the performance of other detectors. Estimated cosmic-ray fluxes above 70 MeV n −1 have been also parameterized and used for Monte Carlo simulations aimed at reproducing the cosmic-ray track observations in the Metis coronagraph VL images. The GCR model predictions are compared to observations gathered on board Solar Orbiter by the High-Energy Telescope in the range between 10 MeV and 100 MeV in the summer of 2020 as well as with the previous measurements. We aim to formulate a prediction of the GCR flux up to hundreds of GeV for the first part of the Solar Orbiter mission to study the performance of the Metis coronagraph. A similar analysis is planned for the UV channel.Īims. A study of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) tracks observed in the first VL images gathered by Metis during the commissioning phase is presented here. High-energy particles can penetrate spacecraft materials and may limit the performance of the on-board instruments. Metis is devoted to carry out the first simultaneous imaging of the solar corona in both visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV). The Metis coronagraph is one of the remote sensing instruments hosted on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission. Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, GermanyĬontext. National Research Council of Italy and Institute for Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunications, University of Padua, Department of Information Engineering via Gradenigo, 6B, 35131 Padua, Italy INAF – Astrophysical Observatory of Trieste, Trieste, Italy Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, ItalyĬatholic University NASA – GSFC, Maryland, USAĪstronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czech Republic University of Catania, Physics and Astronomy Department “Ettore Majorana”, via S. INAF – Institute for Space Astrophysics and Cosmic Physics, Milan, Italy INAF – Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Turin, Italy INAF – Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, Catania, Italy INAF Associated Scientist, Florence, Italy University of Florence, Physics and Astronomy Department, Largo E. Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padua, ItalyĪSI – Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via G. ![]() Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence – SIDC, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan -3- Av. INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, Naples, ItalyĬNR – IFN, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padua, ItalyĬISAS, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo”, via Venezia 15, 35131 Padua, Italy Zuppella 4ĭiSPeA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy Astronomical objects: linking to databasesĬ.Including author names using non-Roman alphabets.Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes
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